NovoLog (insulin aspart)

NovoLog is a brand-name prescription medication. It’s approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to lower blood sugar levels in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Doctors can prescribe NovoLog for adults and children of any age.

Diabetes causes hyperglycemia (high blood sugar level). Using an insulin medication such as NovoLog can help manage blood sugar levels. It can also help prevent certain long-term complications caused by diabetes.

For details about diabetes and how the drug treats it, see the “NovoLog: Uses” section below.

The following table provides key facts about NovoLog.

* In some cases, NovoLog vials may also be used to give the drug as an IV infusion.
† For more information about the different forms of NovoLog, see the “NovoLog: NovoLog FlexPen and other forms” section below.

If you’re interested in taking this drug, search here to find a doctor who might prescribe it.

NovoLog contains the active drug insulin aspart, which is a biologic. It’s not available as a biosimilar. A biosimilar medication is a drug that’s similar to a brand-name biologic drug (the parent drug).

Biologic medications are made using living cells. It’s not possible to make an exact copy of a biosimilar. A generic, on the other hand, refers to drugs made from chemicals. A generic is an exact copy of the active drug in a brand-name medication. 

Biosimilars are considered as effective and safe as their parent drug. And like generics, biosimilars tend to cost less than brand-name medications.

Before biologics became available for approval, numerous insulins, including NovoLog, were approved. This means certain insulins were also available before biosimilar products.

That said, NovoLog’s manufacturer has authorized generic versions for its insulin products, including NovoLog. These are identical to the branded insulin products, but they have generic names rather than biosimilar names.

Talk with your pharmacist or doctor if you’re interested in using the generic form of NovoLog.

NovoLog comes as a solution that’s usually given as a subcutaneous injection.

There are several different types of NovoLog insulin products available. The drug comes in the following forms:

• NovoLog FlexPen,* a prefilled, disposable insulin pen
• NovoLog PenFill cartridges, for use with a reusable insulin pen
• multidose NovoLog vial, for use with a syringe or insulin pump

The multidose NovoLog vials may also be used by healthcare professionals to give the drug as an IV infusion. For example, they may use this form when giving NovoLog to someone in the hospital.

You’ll need pen needles to administer NovoLog doses using an insulin pen. If you’re prescribed multidose NovoLog vials, you’ll need insulin syringes and pen needles to administer the drug.

* NovoLog FlexPen replaced NovoLog FlexTouch, a prefilled pen that is no longer available.

Doctors may prescribe drugs other than NovoLog for your condition. Certain drugs may work better for you than others.

NovoLog is used to treat diabetes. Here’s a summary of other drugs that doctors sometimes prescribe for this condition.

To learn more about one alternative of NovoLog, view the following article:

• NovoLog vs. insulin lispro (Humalog)

Your doctor can tell you about other similar drugs, such as insulin human (Novolin R), insulin aspart (Fiasp), and insulin glargine (Lantus).

For additional information about alternatives to NovoLog, ask your doctor. They can tell you about other medications that could be prescribed for your condition.

As with most drugs, it’s possible to have side effects with NovoLog. These can include some mild side effects but also some serious ones.

To learn more about NovoLog’s side effects, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. They may also provide information about managing certain side effects of this drug.

Note: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tracks side effects of drugs it has approved. If you would like to notify the FDA about a side effect you’ve had with NovoLog, you can do so through MedWatch.

Mild and serious side effects of NovoLog are listed below. This article does not include all of NovoLog’s possible side effects.

Mild side effects* of NovoLog may include:

• diarrhea
• fluid retention
• headache
• sinus inflammation
• infection, such as a urinary tract infection or a fungal infection in the nails
• mild hypoglycemia (low blood sugar level)
• nausea
• pain in the abdomen or chest
• reactions where you inject NovoLog, such as pain or itchiness
• lipodystrophy (skin thickening or pitting) where you inject NovoLog
• weak reflexes
• weight gain
• mild allergic reaction†

Most times, mild side effects of a drug go away within a few days or a couple of weeks. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist if any side effects become severe or don’t go away.

* This is not a complete list of NovoLog’s mild side effects. To learn about other mild side effects of this drug, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Or you can view the drug’s prescribing information.
† To learn more about allergic reaction, see below. An allergic reaction is possible after taking NovoLog. However, it’s not clear whether this side effect occurred in clinical studies.

Serious side effects of NovoLog may include:

• hypokalemia (low potassium level)
• severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar level)
• severe allergic reaction*

Serious side effects from NovoLog aren’t common, but they are possible. If you have serious side effects, call your doctor right away. However, if you’re having a medical emergency or your symptoms feel life threatening, call 911 or a local emergency number.

* To learn more about allergic reaction, see below. An allergic reaction is possible after taking NovoLog. However, it’s not clear whether this side effect occurred in clinical studies.

As with other medications, prices for NovoLog may vary. The drug’s price will depend on factors such as:

• the pharmacy you use
• your insurance coverage

Prices may also vary based on the form of NovoLog your doctor prescribes. For example, NovoLog FlexPen costs may differ from NovoLog insulin vial costs.

Here are some things to consider when looking into the cost of NovoLog.

Option for a 90-day supply. For some drugs, it’s possible to get a 90-day supply. If this option is approved by your insurance company, it can help lower the cost of the drug. It can also help you avoid frequent trips to your pharmacy. If you’d like to learn more about this option, ask your doctor, pharmacist, or insurance company.

Need for prior authorization. Before insurance coverage for NovoLog is approved, your insurance company may require prior authorization. In this case, your doctor and insurance company will communicate about your prescription for NovoLog. Then, the insurance company will decide if the drug will be covered. To find out if you need prior authorization for NovoLog, contact your insurance company.

Possible cost assistance options. Financial assistance to help lower the cost of NovoLog is available. A savings card and a monthly savings program for NovoLog may help reduce its cost. To learn more and see if you’re eligible for support, visit the manufacturer’s website. Also, check out this article to learn about ways to save on prescription drugs.

Use of a mail-order pharmacy. NovoLog may be dispensed through mail-order pharmacies. Getting your prescription through a mail-order pharmacy could lower its cost. It can also allow you to get the drug without leaving home. To find out more about this option, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or insurance company.

Availability of a generic or biosimilar form. NovoLog contains the active drug insulin aspart, which is a biologic. It’s not available as a biosimilar. A biosimilar medication is a drug that’s similar to a brand-name biologic drug (the parent drug). However, NovoLog’s manufacturer has an authorized generic version for NovoLog that’s identical to NovoLog. See the “NovoLog: Generic or biosimilar” section above to learn more.

Below, you’ll find dosages that are commonly recommended for NovoLog, including NovoLog FlexPen dosages. However, you should take the dosage your doctor prescribes for you. They’ll recommend the dosage that’s best for your needs.

Most often, doctors start by prescribing a low dosage of NovoLog. Then, they’ll change the dosage over time to an amount that’s right for the condition being treated. Doctors typically prescribe the smallest dosage that gives the desired outcome.

The dosage of NovoLog that your doctor prescribes will depend on factors such as:

• the form of NovoLog you use
• the severity of your diabetes and your goals for treatment
• your blood sugar levels and how they respond to NovoLog
• your age and weight
• your diet and exercise habits
• other health conditions you may have
• other medications you may take

Several different types of NovoLog insulin products are available. The drug comes in the following forms:

• NovoLog FlexPen, a prefilled, disposable insulin pen
• NovoLog PenFill cartridges, for use with a reusable insulin pen
• multidose NovoLog vial, for use with a syringe or insulin pump

These forms all come in the same strength: 100 units (U) of insulin per milliliter (mL) of solution (100 U/mL).

If you’d like to know how these forms compare, view the “NovoLog: NovoLog FlexPen and other forms” section above. You can also talk with your healthcare professional to learn more.

Recommended dosages for NovoLog in adults and children are described below.

NovoLog’s manufacturer doesn’t provide specific dosing recommendations for either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Your doctor will likely prescribe your dosage based on recommendations from the American Diabetes Association (ADA).

To treat type 1 diabetes, the ADA recommends a daily dosage of 0.4 units to 1 unit of insulin per kilogram of body weight per day (1 U/kg/day). This daily dosage is divided throughout the day and administered at mealtimes.

Usually, people with type 1 diabetes use an intermediate or long-acting insulin in combination with NovoLog. About half of their daily dose of insulin is an intermediate or long-acting insulin that’s given once a day. The other half is a fast-acting insulin such as NovoLog. This fast-acting dose is given either right before or with meals.

Dosing chart for type 1 diabetes

Below is a dosage chart that summarizes typical NovoLog dosages in adults with type 1 diabetes.

For example, an adult with type 1 diabetes who weighs 100 kg* will need a total daily insulin dose between 40 U and 100 U. For this example, we’ll use 50 U as the daily dose.

• Half of this dose (25 U) will be given using an intermediate or long-acting insulin. It can be administered as one daily dose of 25 U. Or, it can be divided into two daily doses of 12.5 U each.
• The other half (25 U) will be given using NovoLog. This dose will be divided equally (or as closely as possible) and given 5 to 10 minutes before meals. For example, it could be given as two doses of 12.5 U before two different meals. Or, it could be given as three doses: two 10-U doses and one 5-U dose. In this example, the 5-U dose could be given before a smaller meal or snack.

If you have questions about how to divide NovoLog doses, talk with your doctor or pharmacist.

* 1 kg is about 2.2 pounds (lb). So, 100 kg is about 220 lb.

To treat type 2 diabetes with fast-acting insulins such as NovoLog, the ADA recommends a starting dose of 4 U. This dose should be given with the largest meal of the day. You’ll take this dose 5 to 10 minutes before eating the meal.

Your doctor may adjust the dose depending on numerous factors. These include how your blood sugar responds to NovoLog.

NovoLog may be prescribed to treat type 1 or type 2 diabetes in children.

As with adults, NovoLog’s manufacturer hasn’t made specific dosing recommendations for children. Instead, your child’s doctor will likely follow the same guidance for adult dosages. These are described above. This guidance is based on ADA recommendations for treating diabetes in children.

Your child’s doctor can answer any questions you may have about using NovoLog in children. These include questions about their dosage.

Below are some things to consider about NovoLog’s dosage.

• Missing a dose. If you miss a dose of NovoLog, you may still take the dose if needed. Keep in mind though, NovoLog is administered right before or with a meal. It may not be safe to take a NovoLog dose at other times. So be sure to talk with your doctor or pharmacist about what to do for missed doses. Try these medication reminder options to help avoid missing doses. You could also set an alarm, use a timer, or download a reminder app on your phone.
• Length of treatment. Doctors typically prescribe NovoLog as a long-term treatment. You’ll likely take it long term if you and your doctor feel it’s safe and effective for your condition.

Here are some common questions about NovoLog and brief answers to them. If you’d like to know more about these topics, ask your doctor.

Yes, NovoLog is a fast-acting insulin. Fast-acting insulin is sometimes called rapid-acting insulin. It can also be called mealtime insulin.

Fast-acting insulins such as NovoLog usually work within 15 minutes of injecting a dose. Their effects only last a couple of hours. These insulins work quickly to lower blood sugar levels. They are typically used right before or at the very beginning of a meal.

Fast-acting insulins are usually prescribed in combination with a long-acting insulin. These include insulin glargine (Basaglar, Lantus). Your pharmacist or doctor can tell you more about other types of insulins. They can also tell you about insulins that may be used in combination with NovoLog.

NovoLog’s effects last for about 3 to 5 hours after injecting a dose. This time can vary from person to person.

Talk with your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions about how long NovoLog may work after taking a dose.

There’s no particular diet to follow while using NovoLog.

That said, certain foods and diet choices impact blood sugar levels in different ways. With diabetes, which NovoLog is used to treat, managing blood sugar levels is important.

Each person responds differently to different foods and diets. A diet that works well for one person may not work as well for someone else.

If you have diabetes and you’d like advice on a healthy diet, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. You can also view these tips from the American Diabetes Association (ADA).

Prescription drugs, such as NovoLog, are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat certain conditions.

NovoLog is prescribed to lower blood sugar levels in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Doctors can prescribe NovoLog for adults and children of any age.

Diabetes can cause hyperglycemia (high blood sugar level). This happens when your body either cannot use insulin properly or doesn’t make enough insulin.

After you eat a meal, your body turns most of what you eat into glucose (sugar). Your body uses glucose for energy.

Typically, when blood sugar levels rise, the body releases insulin. Insulin allows the body to use blood sugar for energy.

However, with diabetes, your blood sugar level remains high. Over time, high blood sugar can cause other health issues throughout the body. These include nerve damage, kidney damage, and heart damage.

NovoLog is a form of insulin. It allows your body to use blood sugar for energy, lowering the level of sugar in your blood. Using NovoLog to manage blood sugar can help prevent certain long-term diabetes complications, such as those listed above. These include vision problems and kidney damage.

NovoLog is typically used in combination with other drugs or other types of insulin. This depends on the type of diabetes being treated. For information about other insulins it’s usually prescribed in combination with, see “Is NovoLog a fast-acting insulin?” in the “NovoLog: FAQs” section above.

The drug is typically not prescribed alone for diabetes, but this is possible in some cases.

If you have questions about your diabetes treatment plan, talk with your doctor. They can tell you about medications you may use in combination with NovoLog.

NovoLog may be prescribed to treat either type 1 or type 2 diabetes in children of any age. See “Using NovoLog for diabetes” above for more information.

If you’re interested in taking this drug, search here to find a doctor who might prescribe it. You can also view the following appointment guides to prepare for your visit:

• Type 1 Diabetes Appointment Guide
• Type 2 Diabetes Appointment Guide

NovoLog’s manufacturer recommends that you do not drink alcohol while using the medication.

Both alcohol and NovoLog can lower blood sugar levels. Combining the two could raise your risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar level). Depending on how much alcohol you drink and your NovoLog dose, your hypoglycemia could be severe.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends talking with your doctor if you have diabetes and drink alcohol. Your doctor can provide advice about how alcohol consumption may affect you. They can also tell you how much alcohol, if any, is safe to drink with NovoLog treatment.

NovoLog may interact with other medications.

Different interactions can cause different effects. Some interactions can interfere with a drug’s effectiveness. Others can increase a drug’s side effects or cause them to be severe.

Before you start NovoLog, be sure to tell your doctor about any medications, herbs, vitamins, or supplements you take. They can check for any possible interactions between these products and NovoLog.

If any of the interactions listed below might pertain to you, talk with your doctor. They can tell you what you need to do to avoid the interaction.

• NovoLog and certain other medications. NovoLog may interact with certain drugs. So, your doctor may adjust your NovoLog dose if you need to take it with these drugs. Examples include:
  • angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as lisinopril (Zestril)
  • angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), such as valsartan (Diovan)
  • the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac)
  • atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine (Clozaril) and olanzapine (Zyprexa)
  • corticosteroids, such as prednisone (Rayos)
  • diuretics, such as furosemide (Lasix)
  • birth control pills, such as ethinyl estradiol/drospirenone (Yaz)
  • the thyroid hormone replacement levothyroxine (Synthroid)
  • beta-blockers, such as metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)
  • the centrally acting alpha agonist clonidine (Catapres)
  • the mental health drug lithium (Lithobid)
  • certain other diabetes medications, such as metformin (Fortamet) and glipizide (Glucotrol XL)
  • thiazolidinedione medications for diabetes, such as pioglitazone (Actos)
• NovoLog and herbs and supplements. There aren’t any known interactions between NovoLog and herbs or supplements.
• NovoLog and foods. There aren’t any known interactions between NovoLog and foods.

For information about drug-condition interactions, see the “NovoLog: Precautions” section below.

Your doctor will recommend how you should use NovoLog. It’s important to administer the drug exactly as your doctor instructs.

NovoLog comes as a liquid solution. Most people will give themselves NovoLog doses by subcutaneous injection. Your doctor or pharmacist will show you how to give yourself NovoLog doses at home.

NovoLog may also be used in an insulin pump. If you’re receiving treatment in a hospital, you may have NovoLog as an IV infusion.

When given as a subcutaneous injection, NovoLog doses may be injected under the skin of the:

• abdomen, at least 2 inches away from your belly button
• upper leg, in your thigh
• upper arm, in your triceps
• buttocks

It’s important that you rotate the injection site with each NovoLog dose. This can help prevent certain side effects from NovoLog. These include:

• reactions where you inject NovoLog, such as pain or itchiness
• lipodystrophy (skin thickening or pitting) where you inject NovoLog

For example, you can change which thigh you inject your dose into. If you injected your last dose in your left thigh, give the next dose in your right thigh. Or, you can choose another area listed above other than your right thigh.

For NovoLog instructions based on your prescribed dosage form, view this page from the drug’s manufacturer.

Here’s a list of common questions related to taking NovoLog.

• When should I inject NovoLog? You should inject NovoLog right before or with a meal, according to your doctor’s instructions. Try these medication reminder options to help avoid missing doses of NovoLog. You could also set an alarm, use a timer, or download a reminder app on your phone.
• Do I need to take NovoLog with food? You should begin eating a meal within 5 to 10 minutes of injecting a dose of NovoLog. Not doing so may cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar level) as a side effect. This can be severe or even life threatening in rare cases. If your eating habits change during NovoLog treatment, it’s important to tell your healthcare professional. For example, you may eat more or fewer calories than previously. In this case, your healthcare professional may want to adjust your NovoLog dose.
• Is there a best time of day to take NovoLog? You should take NovoLog right before or with a meal, according to your doctor’s instructions. They’ll tell you more about the times of day to administer your NovoLog doses.

NovoLog is prescribed to lower blood sugar levels in adults and children with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. To learn more about NovoLog’s uses, see the “NovoLog: Uses” section above.

After you eat a meal, your body turns most of what you eat into glucose (sugar). This causes your blood sugar levels to rise.

Typically, your body releases insulin in response to high sugar levels in your blood. Insulin allows your body to use sugar from your blood for energy.

With diabetes, your body either cannot use insulin properly or doesn’t make enough insulin. This results in high blood sugar levels. Over time, high blood sugar can cause other health issues throughout your body. These include nerve damage, kidney damage, and heart damage.

NovoLog is a form of insulin. It allows your body to use the sugar in your blood for energy. This lowers your blood sugar level and is how NovoLog helps treat hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) due to diabetes. 

NovoLog starts working about 5 to 10 minutes after a dose is injected. It then begins working to lower your blood sugar level.

However, it can take several weeks or months before NovoLog causes long-term changes to your blood sugar levels. Your doctor will tell you more about how they’ll monitor you during treatment. Over time, they’ll check whether NovoLog is working to treat your diabetes.

Talk with your doctor if you have questions about NovoLog. They can tell you how long it might take for NovoLog to help treat your condition.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has listed insulin drugs as the preferred treatment for diabetes in pregnant people. If you are pregnant, insulins such as NovoLog can help manage your blood sugar levels.

High blood sugar is known to raise the risk of pregnancy complications. So, lowering your blood sugar with NovoLog may help reduce this risk.

In addition, clinical studies haven’t shown possible harm when NovoLog was used during pregnancy.

Talk with your doctor if you have questions about the safety of using NovoLog while pregnant.

It’s likely safe to take NovoLog during pregnancy. Talk with your doctor about your birth control needs with NovoLog if you’re sexually active and you or your partner can become pregnant. Your doctor can recommend if you should use birth control with this medication.

It isn’t known whether NovoLog passes into breast milk or whether it causes side effects in a breastfed child.

Talk with your doctor to learn more about the risks and benefits of breastfeeding with NovoLog. They can discuss safe options for feeding your child based on your treatment plan.

Tell your doctor about your health history before starting treatment with NovoLog. Your doctor may not recommend this medication if you have certain factors affecting your health or specific medical conditions. These situations are considered drug-condition interactions.

These factors and conditions include those listed below.

• Heart failure. Insulins, including NovoLog, can cause fluid retention. This can worsen heart failure in people who already have this condition. It’s important to let your doctor know if you have heart failure before you begin taking NovoLog. Your doctor may want to monitor you closely for fluid retention during treatment. They may also adjust your NovoLog dose to lower your risk of this side effect. Or, they may adjust other medications that you take for diabetes.
• Use of thiazolidinedione medication. If you take a type of diabetes drug called a thiazolidinedione, tell your doctor. An example is pioglitazone (Actos). Taking this type of drug can increase the risk of fluid retention with NovoLog. And fluid retention can cause new or worsening heart failure in people with that condition. See above for more information.
• Kidney or liver problems. People with kidney or liver problems are at higher risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar level) with NovoLog. Doctors will typically still prescribe NovoLog, even if you have a kidney or liver problem. However, they may prescribe a lower starting dose. They may also have you check your blood sugar frequently during treatment.
• Hypokalemia (low potassium level). In rare cases, NovoLog can cause hypokalemia as a side effect. If you already have hypokalemia, using NovoLog may worsen your condition. Talk with your doctor to learn whether NovoLog is safe for you to take.
• Allergic reaction. Your doctor will likely not prescribe NovoLog if you’ve had an allergic reaction to it or any of its ingredients. To find out about other treatment options, talk with your doctor.
• Pregnancy. If you’d like additional information about using NovoLog while pregnant, view the “NovoLog: Using while pregnant” section above.
• Breastfeeding. If you’d like additional information about using NovoLog while breastfeeding, view the “NovoLog: Using while breastfeeding” section above.

To learn more about effects of NovoLog that could be harmful, see the “NovoLog: Side effects” section above.

Serious effects can occur if you use more than the recommended dosage of NovoLog. Do not use more NovoLog than your doctor recommends.  

Symptoms that an overdose could cause include:

• hypoglycemia (low blood sugar level), which may be severe and cause confusion, seizures, or coma
• hypokalemia (low potassium level), which may cause symptoms such as muscle cramps, constipation, or weakness

Call your doctor if you think you’ve taken too much of this drug. Also, you can call the American Association of Poison Control Centers at 800-222-1222 or use its online tool. However, if your symptoms are severe, call 911 or a local emergency number. Or go to the nearest emergency room right away.

Here’s some information about NovoLog’s expiration date, as well as how to store and dispose of the drug.

Expiration. Your pharmacist will add an expiration date to the label on NovoLog’s container.

However, NovoLog’s expiration can vary depending on how you store the medication and its form. See the table below for information. Expiration dates help ensure that a medication is effective during a period of time.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises that you avoid taking expired drugs. If you have an unused medication and it’s past the drug’s expiration date, talk with your pharmacist. They can let you know whether you might still be able to use the medication.

Storage. Many factors determine how long a medication remains good to use. These factors include how and where you store the drug. NovoLog may be stored at room temperature or in the refrigerator before being opened. Once opened and in use, NovoLog may be refrigerated or kept at room temperature. How it should be stored depends on the dosage form.

The table below provides details on expiration dates and storage for different NovoLog dosage forms.

* If you’re using an insulin pump to administer NovoLog, discard opened vials of the drug once they have been opened for 19 days. Any NovoLog solution left inside an insulin pump should be safely discarded every 7 days.

Disposal. Dispose of any used syringes, needles, or autoinjectors right after using them. You can safely dispose of these items in an FDA-approved sharps container. Doing so helps prevent others, including children and pets, from accidentally taking the drug. It also helps them avoid harm from needles.

If you’d like to buy a sharps container, you can find options online. Or ask your doctor, pharmacist, or health insurance company where you can purchase one. Your pharmacist can give you more information about disposing of NovoLog. Also, check out this page for several tips on safe medication disposal.

If you have questions about NovoLog, talk with your doctor. They can help advise you on whether NovoLog could be a good treatment option for you.

Here’s a list of questions you may want to ask your doctor:

• Can you tell me more about the types of meals or foods I should eat with NovoLog?
• Am I at a higher risk of side effects from NovoLog based on my health conditions?
• What happens if my insurance coverage changes while I’m taking NovoLog?

Your doctor may also tell you about other treatment options for your condition. You may find this article helpful in learning about alternative drugs. And view our selection of videos on diabetes.

Disclaimer: Healthgrades has made every effort to make certain that all information is factually correct, comprehensive, and up to date. However, this article should not be used as a substitute for the knowledge and expertise of a licensed healthcare professional. You should always consult your doctor or another healthcare professional before taking any medication. The drug information contained herein is subject to change and is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a given drug does not indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for all patients or all specific uses.